Huremu hwehuni

Huremu hwehuni hunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo uye huwandu hwehunyoro huri mairi. Ikoko kune chaiyo giravhiti yehuni nyaya uye volumetric huremu hwehuni. Kurema chaiko kwehuni hakubvi parudzi rwehuni; inotaridza huremu hwehuni dzakaumbwa muhuwandu hweyuniti isina hunyoro nemhepo uye iri 1,5. Mukuita, huremu hwehuni hunoshandiswa hunoshandiswa, kureva, huremu hwe 1 cm³ huni huremu hunoratidzwa mumagiramu. Huremu hwehuni uye maitiro ayo ehunyanzvi anotongwa nehuremu hwehuwandu. Nekuwedzera humidity, iyo volumetric uremu hwehuni inowedzerawo. Iyo yakakwirira kuwanda kwehuni, iyo yakawanda compact uye isina porous iyo iri.

Huni hunyoro

Mvura, iri mumuti, yakakamurwa kuita;

1. capillary (yemahara) - inozadza mapako echishuwo
2. Hygroscopic - iri mumadziro emadziro
3. Chemical - inopinda mumakemikari ezvinyorwa zvinoumba huni.

Nhamba yemvura muhuni, inoratidzwa muhuremu muzana, inonzi mwando wehuni. Uripo Mhedziso i hama mwando.

Kana huremu hwehuni huri mumamiriro ayo ekutanga hunoratidzwa netsamba A, huremu hwehuni hwakaoma hunoratidzwa netsamba A.₁, hunyoro hunoenderana muchikamu B, hunyoro hwakakwana muchikamu B₁, ipapo hunyoro hunoenderana hunogona kutariswa zvinoenderana neformula:

absolute humidity inotemerwa zvichienderana neformula:

Kusarudza hunyoro hwehuni hunoitwa nenzira inotevera. Prism inochekwa kubva pakati pebhodhi uye kuyerwa pachikero nekururama kwe 0,01 -- uye ichava saizi A, ipapo iyi prism, iyo uremu haufanire kunge iri pasi pe20 g, yakaomeswa patembiricha ye105. ⁰ kusvikira yasvika pahuremu hwenguva dzose A_1. Uremu hwenguva dzose hunoonekwa sehunowanikwa kana mutsauko pakati pezviyero zviviri zvakatevedzana zvisingapfuuri 0,3% yehuremu hwakaoma. Kutsiva muA uye A saizi mapatani pamusoro₁, inowanikwa nezviyero, tinogadzirisa ukama kana hunyoro hwakakwana hwehuni.

Kana, semuenzaniso, huremu hwepakutanga hweprism yakachekwa kubva pakati pebhodhi yaive 240 g, uye huremu hwehuni hwakaomeswa hwaive 160 g, ipapo hunyoro hwakakwana hwemuenzaniso wakaedzwa huchava:

Unyoro hunowanikwa nenzira iyi hunoverengwa sehunyoro hwehuni hwose.
Pakuomesa huni, mvura yakasununguka inotanga kubuda. Iyo nguva iyo mvura yese yemahara inoputika inonzi hygroscopic limit kana fiber saturation point. Munguva iyi yekuoma, zviyero zvehuni zviri kuomeswa hazvichinji. Humidity inoenderana neiyo hygroscopic muganho wemhando dzakasiyana dzehuni (mu%) ndeyotevera:

• Common pine 29
• Weymouth Pine 25
• Spruce 29
• Larch 30
• Jera 30
• Bhuku 31
• Lipa 29
• Jasen 23
• Chestnut 25

Huni ine humidity yakawedzera ndeye conductor yakanaka yekupisa, yakaipisisa yakagadziriswa padashinas, yakashata pa gluing, kupenda, varnishing uye polishing; pamusoro pemvura yakanyorova yehuni, pende uye varnish inokurumidza kuparara. Huni hunyoro hunoita kuti zvipikiri nemascurus zviite ngura. Zviyero zvezvigadzirwa zvekuveza, izvo zvinogadzirwa nematanda akasvibirira (magonhi, mahwindo, pasi pemapuranga, parquet, nezvimwewo), anoderedza hukuru hwavo panguva yekuoma, sechikonzero chekubuda kunooneka, kuoma kwekubatana pakati pezvinhu. kurasika. Nokudaro, kunaka kwehuni mukuvaka, kusimba kwayo uye kurwisana nekuora kunotsanangurwa kutanga kwezvose nehunyoro hwayo, uyezve nemhando yayo uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekushandiswa, huni hwakaoma hunogona kushanda muzvivakwa kwemakumi emakore.

Panguva yekuomeswa, huni inoshandura ti yayo munzira yakareba ne 0,10%, mu radial direction ne 3 - 6%, uye mune tangential direction ne 6 - 12%. Izvi zvinoshandura huremu. Kuyera kunotanga apo hunyoro hunosvika pakuzara kwefibers (23 - 31%). Zvinhu zveanatomical zvinoumba huni zvinoderera zvisina kuenzana panguva yekuomeswa, saka kurema kwehuni kwakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana.

Huni dzine huremu hwepamusoro (oak) inorema kupfuura huni ine density yakaderera (linden). Panyaya yemhando dzeconiferous, huwandu hwekuremera hunoenderanawo nekubatanidzwa kwehuni dzakanonoka. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuni hwekupedzisira, kurema kunowedzera mupine. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo yekupedzisira huni yemhando yeconifer inorema zvakanyanya kana ichioma kupfuura huni hwekutanga. Dhata pamusoro pehukuru hwehuni huremu hwemhando dzeconiferous dzinopihwa mutafura 1. 

Huwandu hwehuremu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzehuni hunopihwa mutafura 2.

Kuchinja kusina kuenzana kwezviyero mukugadzirisa uremu nekuda kwekuoma, pamwe nekushandiswa kwehurumende dzisina kunaka dzekuomesa, kunokonzera kuonekwa kwemukati nekunze kunetseka muhuni, izvo zvinotungamirira kumamiriro ekunze, uye kuonekwa kwekunze uye dzimwe nguva mukati. mitswe.

Tangentially akachekwa mapuranga anonyanya kuvharwa nemhepo kupfuura radially akachekwa, uye iyo iri padyo neiyo periphery, iyo yakakura iyo windwash (Fig. 3).

Kuputika kwekunze kunokonzerwa nekuoma kusina kufanana kwekunze uye mukati mehuni. Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru pakati pehunyoro hwekunze uye mukati mematanda ematanda, kushushikana kwekunetseka kunoonekwa pamusoro payo, izvo zvinotungamira pakuonekwa kwekutsemuka kwekunze. Kuti udzivise kuonekwa kwekunze kwekunze, kuomesa kunofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja kwezviyero kuchaitwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana, saka masimba anokonzera kuputika achava maduku, kuitira kuti parege kuva nekuputika kwekunze.

Sl. 3 Mamiriro ekunze emapuranga

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti huni hunooma nekukurumidza kubva kumberi, uye naizvozvo mativi emapuranga, matanda uye matanda akatenderera anopfapfaidzwa kare kupfuura mamwe mapeji emapuranga nematanda. Kuzvimba kwehuni ndiyo nzira yekuomesa nekurema. Iyo inosanganisira mukuti huni hwakaomeswa hunokwanisa kutora unyoro uye kuwedzera hukuru hwayo. Iyo pfuma yehuni yekuzvimba inoshandiswa kunyorovesa mbiya dzakaoma, mapaipi emapuranga, matangi, nezvimwewo, semhedzisiro yavanozvimba.