Muti unosanganisira tsinga, muti, bazi i masamba. Hunde inomiririra huwandu hukuru hwemuti uye inomiririra 50 - 90% yecubic volume yayo; tsinga nematavi zvinoumba 10 - 50% yehuni huzhinji.
Kune zvinotevera zvikamu zvakakosha mumuti: moyo, pith, cambium uye bark. Bark ndiyo chikamu chekunze chemuti, icho chakasiyana zvakasiyana nemoyo. Pakati pemakwati nepith pane mhete yakatetepa, isingaonekwe nemeso uye inonzi. cambium. Masero ecambium, kuburikidza nekupatsanurwa, gore rega rega anoparadzanisa masero emwoyo mukati mehunde yemuti, uye masero emakwati ari kunze kwemuti. Sezvo iyo cambium ichipa akawanda masero emoyo kupfuura bark masero, kune moyo wakawanda kupfuura bark.
Mwoyo ndiwo wakanyanya kukosha chikamu chemuti; iri pakati pemoyo nemakwati. Mwoyo uri pakati pemuti. Iyo inoumbwa neakapfava, ane porous tishu, iyo ine isina kusimba ma mechanical properties. Kana paine mwoyo mumapuranga, laths kana matanda, ipapo chinhu ichi chinotsemuka nekufamba kwenguva. Nokudaro, kune zvakawanda zvakakosha zvinhu, kuvapo kwemoyo muzvinhu hazvibvumirwi.
Mufananidzo wakakodzera wemuti unogona kuwanikwa nekuutarisa muzvikamu zvitatu: transverse, radial i tangentially.
Muchinjikwa chikamu ndiyo yakanangidzirwa paakisi yemuti, radial chikamu inofamba pahunde, ichipfuura nepakati pemoyo, a tangential ndiyo inoenda pahunde kunze kwemoyo (Fig. 1).
Sl. 1. Zvitatu zvakatemwa zvehuni: 1 - tangential; 2 - radial; 3 - kuchinjika
Pamuchinjikwa wemuti, madenderedzwa anogona kuonekwa, ayo anowedzera kubva pakati kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo, uye anonzi zvindori zvegore negore (makore). Mhete yegore yega yega ine yemukati uye yekunze layer. Iyo yemukati layer inonzi matanda ekutanga, uye wekunze late huni. Matanda ekutanga anoumbwa muchirimo, uye kunonoka - muzhizha. Huni hwekutanga hune porous, hunosanganisira huturu husina, mvura inopfuura nayo ine yakanyungudutswa mineral substances, iyo inodiwa pakudya kwemuti. Huni dzakanonoka dzine maseru ane madziro akakora anotakura mechanical properties.
Sl. 2. Mishonga yepakati pazvikamu zvinotenderera, radial uye tangential: 1- cortex; 2 - mavara; 3 - makore; 4 - mwoyo; 5 uye 6 - yakafara musimboti mwaranzi
Pachikamu cheradial, zvikamu zvepagore zvinoonekwa nenzira yemitsara yakatwasuka, pachikamu chetangential - muchimiro chemitsetse yakakombama.
Pamusoro pezvakachinjika, radial uye tangential zvikamu, mukuwedzera kune zvidimbu zvegore, iwe unogona zvakare kuona core rays (Mufananidzo 2). Pachikamu chemuchinjikwa, vane chimiro chemitsetse yakamanikana, pachikamu chetangential - mitsetse yakasviba ine migumo yakamanikana. Mwaranzi yepakati inoshanda kufambisa mvura nemhepo kuburikidza nehunde yemuti ichienda kwainochinjika, pamwe chete nekuchengeta chikafu chinovaka muviri. Huwandu hwemaranzi epakati mumhando dzakasiyana dzehuni dzakasiyana uye mupine inenge 3000 pa1 cm.2, uye muspruce 143000 3. Mumhando dze coniferous, misi yepakati inotora 10 - 9%, uye mumiti yakasvibiswa 36 - XNUMX% yehuwandu hwehuni huni.
Mishonga yepakati inosanganisira masero, ane simba rakaderera remagetsi, nekuda kwekuti anowedzera kupatsanurwa kwehuni.
Mune mamwe marudzi ehuni, e.g. mavara machena kana akasviba anogona kuonekwa mu-cross-section yealder, birch, yew, chub, ash. Aya mavara anokonzerwa netumbuyu kana chando chinokuvadza cambium uye anonzicore stains''. Aya mavara epakati anoderedza simba remagetsi ehuni. Mhando dzose dzehuni dzinogona kugoverwa mumapoka mana:
- Sailing species (muouki, walnut, white acacia, pine, ke dar, larch, nezvimwewo);
- Mhando dzakakura heartwood (beech, linden, spruce, fir, yakajairika Siberian uye Caucasian fir, etc.);
- Mhando dzine core uye mature pith (dota, elm, nezvimwewo);
- Quack types (birch, aspen, black and white alder, hornbeam, maple, chestnut yebhiza, maple, nezvimwewo).
Mumhando dzehuni dzakapfava, chikamu chepakati chine ruvara chakasvibirira chinonzi core, uye chikamu cheruvara rwechiedza - ambuya. Panyaya yemhando dzehuni dzine moyo wakakura, chikamu chepakati chechikamu chinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwehunyoro kupfuura chikamu cheperipheral. Mumuti uri kukura, sapwood inoshanda kuitisa mvura uye kuunganidza zvinovaka muviri. Mune mamwe marudzi ehuni, sapwood kaviri inogona kuonekwa mumuchinjikwa-chikamu. Ichi hachisi chinhu kunze kwedanho rekutanga rekuora kwehuni kunokonzerwa nehuni hunokosha hunoparadza fungi.
Mukutaura kwesimba rayo remagetsi, sapwood haina kusiyana neheartwood, asi haina simba inopesana nekuora. Nekukura kwemuti, sapwood zvishoma nezvishoma inofamba ichienda mukati memwoyo. Muchiito chekuchinja uku, zvakakosha kubuda, zvinodanwa tile, uye mapako nemahamvuropu esero akazadzwa nemaserura uye ekuwedzera zvinhu.
Matiles anozadza zvinhu zvemoyo, izvo zvinoita kuti isapinda mumvura. Naizvozvo, srcica inoshandiswa kugadzira mbiya, matangi emapuranga, nezvimwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, mwoyo une matiles wakaoma zvikuru kuisa pamuviri ne antiseptics. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumuti webeech, une nheyo yenhema, yakagadzirwa semugumisiro wemuti unotapukirwa nefungi inoparadza panguva yekukura kwayo.
