Imikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza

Imikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza

 Imikhiqizo nezakhi zokwakha zokubaza kumele zibe nenhlanzeko, zibe zinhle futhi zikhululeke uma uzisebenzisa; zingahlukaniswa zibe ifreyimu, ipuleti, i-frame-plate ene-rectilinear kanye ne-curvilinear shape.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa nomswakama, ukhuni lungashintsha ubukhulu balo ngaphakathi kwemingcele emikhulu impela. Isibonelo, lapho ukoma kusuka emkhawulweni we-hygroscopicity (umswakama) kuya esimweni esomile ngokuphelele, kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, ukhuni lushintsha ubukhulu balo emiculweni ngo-0,1 kuya ku-0,3%, ohlangothini lwe-radial ngo-3 kuya ku-6% futhi isiqondiso se-tangential ngo-6 kuya ku-10%. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nonyaka, umswakama weminyango ye-beech yangaphandle ushintsha kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-26%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhodi ngalinye kulowo mnyango, elingu-100 mm ububanzi, linyusa ubukhulu balo ngo-5,8 mm uma limanzi futhi lishwabana ngenani elifanayo lapho liba nomoya. Kulokhu, imifantu ivela phakathi kwamabhodi. Lokhu kungagwenywa uma imikhiqizo yokubaza yakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi izinguquko ezingenakugwenywa zezingxenye zomkhiqizo ngamunye zenziwa ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlobo lwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, lapho wenza umnyango ngokufaka, lokhu kufakwa, okufakwe emigodini ye-friezes eqondile yefreyimu, kufanele kube negebe lika-2 kuya ku-3 mm, kodwa ukuze kuthi lapho lomile ngokuphelele, livule. namanje akuphumi emseleni (fig. 1).

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Umfanekiso 1: Ingxenye ephambanayo yomnyango onokufakwayo

Imikhiqizo yokubaza kufanele yenziwe ngama-slats amancane aqinile noma anamathele (amafreyimu eminyango yebhodi, amabhodi okubaza, njll.).

Izinto zokwakha zokubaza azihlushwa yizingcindezi eziphakeme ezimile noma eziguqukayo ngesikhathi sokuxhashazwa kwazo. Kodwa nokho, lapho kwakhiwa le mikhiqizo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiqondiso se-voltage sihambisana nesiqondiso semicu yokhuni, noma ukuthi ichezuka kancane kuyo. Uma kungenjalo, amandla e-elementi angancishiswa kakhulu.

Izakhi zemikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza ekuqondeni noma nge-angle zixhunywe komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa amapulaki nezinotshi - ama-slats, ngokusebenzisa i-glue, izikulufo, i-tape yensimbi nangaphandle.

Ngokuvamile, izakhi zixhunywe kusetshenziswa amapulaki namanotshi. Amandla okuxhumana kwezakhi kupulaki kanye ne-mortise ancike kumswakama wento kanye nokunemba kwepulaki ne-mortise.

Izakhi eziningi zokwakha zokubaza zixhunywe ngepulaki elilodwa noma eliphindwe kabili elinomumo oyisicaba noma oyindilinga. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenziwa iminyango, ama-wedges ayindilinga asetshenziswa kabanzi - ama-dowels okuxhuma izakhi eziqondile nezivundlile, amafreyimu eminyango anokufakwa, njll. Lokhu kuxhumana akunciphisi amandla omkhiqizo, futhi kunikeze ukonga kwezinkuni okungu-17% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.

Lapho wenza iminyango, ifenisha yegumbi elakhelwe ngaphakathi, ama-elevator cabins, njll. amangaphambili amabhodi namabhilidi ahlanganiswe nepulaki ephindwe kabili, enepulaki kanye ne-notch kanye nepulaki kanye ne-notch enezinyo. Kulezi zimo, amabhodi nama-slats axhunywe ngamapulaki ayindilinga ayisicaba kanye nezinotshi noma izikhonkwane zokhuni ezifakiwe (umkhiwane 2, 3, 4)

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Umfanekiso 2: Izinto zeminyango enamathelwe embozwe ngeveneer

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Umfanekiso 3: Imininingwane yokuxhunywa kwamapulangwe

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Umfanekiso 4: Ukuxhumana kwezingxenye eziqondile nezivundlile zomnyango ezifakwe izikhonkwane eziyindilinga

Ukuze umkhiqizo uqine futhi ube nokuqina okwanele, kufanele kube nobudlelwane obuthile phakathi kobukhulu bepulaki nezinto. Kunconywa izilinganiso zobukhulu ezilandelayo: ububanzi benhliziyo kufanele bulingane nengxenye yobubanzi besici lapho i-groove ikhona; ubude bepulaki kufanele bulingane nobubanzi bonke be-billet noma ibhodi kukhishwe amahlombe okuxhumana; ugqinsi lwepulaki langempela lwenziwa kusuka ku-1/3 kuya ku-1/7. kanye nobukhulu bepulaki ephindwe kabili ukusuka ku-1/3 kuya ku-2/9 wobukhulu besici; usayizi wehlombe kusuka ku-1/3 kuya ku-2/7 wepulaki yokuqala futhi kusukela ku-1/5 kuya ku-1/6 yogqinsi lwe-elementi yepulaki ephindwe kabili; ububanzi benotshi yepulaki ephindwe kabili kufanele bulingane nobukhulu bepulaki ngokwayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuma. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo kunikezwe kuMfanekiso 5.

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Umfanekiso 5: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumanisa ukubaza

Ngokuvamile, amapuleti aboshwe kakhulu ngomuthi ezinhlangothini zokuthintana, olimini kanye ne-groove enobuchopho. Lapho ama-joists exhunywe ububanzi ngeglue, izinhlangothi ezixhumayo zama-joists kufanele zibhojwe kahle, zihlanganiswe ngokushesha zibe amabhodi aboshwe ngama-wedges. Amabhodi anamathiselwe kufanele ahlelwe ezinhlangothini zombili ku-planer enamaceleni amabili, ukuze asuse ukungalingani okudalwe ngesikhathi sokunamathisela.

Ulimi kanye ne-groove kungaba unxande, unxantathu, u-semi-circular, oval noma umsila wejuba. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi lapho kwakhiwa amafreyimu eminyango, i-parquet, izakhi eziqondile nezivundlile zeminyango ephuma emfucumfucwini emishinini ekhethekile - imishini yokujoyina ngokuzenzakalela futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinkuni, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma kunesidingo esikhulu.

Ukuxhumana ne-chipboard kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-parquet phansi. Ubuchopho benziwe ngokhuni oluthambile. Izakhi zefasitela nezicabha, ifenisha yasekhaya eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ama-elevator cabins, njll. ziboshelwe ngezikulufo. Ngaphambi kokuba ziphendulwe, izikrini kufanele zigcotshwe nge-stearin, i-graphite ehlakazwe emafutheni emifino, amafutha afanayo.

Ezindaweni lapho izikulufa zizofika khona, kufanele kubhojwe izimbobo, ukujula kwazo cishe kulingane nokuphindwe kabili ukujula kwentambo. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudingekile ukuxhuma izakhi ezimbili zobukhulu obukhulu, khona-ke imbobo elingana nobubanzi be-screw iboshiwe.

Ukuxhuma usebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi (umkhiwane 6) akusetshenziswanga kakhulu ekusebenzeni, kodwa kungasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izakhi eziqondile nezivundlile, ezicabheni zokugcwalisa nezicabha ezinokugcwaliswa.

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Umfanekiso 6: Ukuxhuma kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokubopha

Ukuxhuma usebenzisa izipikili akusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izakhi zokubaza. Ama-wedges okhuni asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamafasitela, iminyango kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza, bese kuba ukubopha okungeziwe kwezakhi ezindaweni zokuxhuma kwabo nokuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwamafreyimu ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuxhashazwa kwabo.

Isici sesici soxhumano lokubaza kusetshenziswa amapulaki ukuthi angenziwa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kweglue. Lokhu kuxhumana akumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokunamatheliswa. Izinto ezihlanganiswe ndawonye kufanele zihlale ziqinile ku-clamp okungenani amahora angu-6 ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-2 kuya ku-12 kg/cm.2,
Izakhi ezinkulu zemikhiqizo yokubaza zingahlanganiswa ngokunamathisela izakhi ezincane ezivela ohlotsheni olulodwa lokhuni, kanye nokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhle nezinkuni ezijwayelekile. Izakhi eziqondile nezivundlile zamafasitela, iminyango, amabhokisi neminye imikhiqizo zingenziwa ngokhuni lwe-coniferous olunamathiselwe, olumbozwe ngamapulangwe e-oki 8 - 10 mm ubukhulu (umkhiwane 7). Kungcono ukunamathisela izakhi bese uzimboza ngokhuni usebenzisa ama-phenol-formaldehyde glues azinzile emanzini.

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Umfanekiso 7: Amafasitela anamathelisiwe nezicabha, embozwe ngamathayili okhuni oluqinile
Ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo zefreyimu kanye nezinhlaka zefreyimu ngamapuleti kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi zemishini, i-hydraulic noma i-pneumatic.

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