Ubunzima bokhuni kunye nokufuma

Ubunzima bokhuni kunye nokufuma

Ubunzima bomthi

Ubunzima bomthi buxhomekeke kubuninzi bayo kunye nobuninzi bomswakama oqulethwe kuyo. Kukho ubunzima obuthile bezinto zokhuni kunye nobunzima bomthamo wokhuni. Ubunzima obuthile bomthi abuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthi; ivakalisa ubunzima bezinto zokhuni ezidityanisiweyo kumthamo weyunithi ngaphandle kokufuma kunye nomoya kwaye yi-1,5. Ukusetyenziswa, ubunzima be-volumetric bobunzima bomthi busetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, ubunzima be-1 cm3 ubunzima bomthi bubonakaliswe ngeegram. Ubunzima bokhuni kunye neempawu zalo zobugcisa zigwetywa ngesisindo somthamo. Ngokunyuka kwe-humidity, ubunzima be-volumetric bokhuni nabo buyanda. Ukuphakama koxinano lwemithi, ngakumbi i-compact kunye ne-porous encinci.

Ukufuma kweenkuni

Amanzi, asemthini, ahlulwe abe;

  1. i-capillary (simahla) - igcwalisa imingxuma yomnqweno
  2. Hygroscopic - ebekwe kwiindonga zeseli
  3. Ikhemikhali - ingena kwimichiza yezinto ezenza umthi.

Ubungakanani bamanzi emthini, obonakaliswe kwipesenti yobunzima, bubizwa umxholo wokufuma wokhuni. Ikhona ngokupheleleyo i isihlobo ukufuma.

Ukuba ubunzima bomthi kwimeko yawo yangaphambili buchazwa ngunobumba A, ubunzima bomthi owomileyo ngokupheleleyo bubonakaliswa ngunobumba A.1, ukufuma okunxulumene nepesenti B, ukufuma ngokupheleleyo ngokwepesenti B1, ngoko ke ukufuma okunxulumeneyo kunokumiselwa ngokwefomula:f1

ukufuma ngokupheleleyo kumiselwa ngokwefomula:

f2

 

Ukumisela umswakama wokhuni kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. I-prism inqunywe phakathi kwebhodi kwaye ilinganiswe kwisikali ngokuchaneka kwe-0,01 -- kwaye iya kuba yi-A, ngoko le prism, ubunzima bayo abufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-20 g, yomiswe kwiqondo lokushisa le-105. 0 ide ifikelele kubunzima obungaguqukiyo obungu-A1. Ubunzima obuhlala bubonwa ukuba buphunyeziwe ukuba umahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo emibini elandelelanayo awukho mkhulu kune-0,3% yesisindo esomileyo. Ukufaka endaweni yeepateni zika-A kunye no-A ngasentla1, efunyenwe ngemilinganiselo, sinquma isihlobo okanye umswakama opheleleyo wokhuni.

Ukuba, umzekelo, ubunzima bokuqala beprism esikiwe phakathi kwebhodi yayingama-240 g, kwaye ubunzima bomthi omisiweyo buyi-160 g, ngoko ke ukufuma okupheleleyo kwesampulu evavanyiweyo kuya kuba:f3


Ukufuma okufunyenwe ngale ndlela kubalwa njengokufuma kwenkuni yonke.
Xa womisa iinkuni, amanzi asimahla aqala abe ngumphunga. Umzuzu xa onke amanzi asimahla eba ngumphunga ubizwa ngokuba ngumda wehygroscopic okanye indawo yokugcwalisa ifayibha. Ngeli xesha lokoma, imilinganiselo yomthi owomisiweyo ayitshintshi. Ukufuma okuhambelana nomda we-hygroscopic kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemithi (nge%) ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Ipayina eqhelekileyo 29
  • Weymouth Pine 25
  • Ispruce 29
  • Larch 30
  • Iminyaka engama-30
  • Bukva 31
  • Lipha 29
  • UJasen 23
  • I-Chestnut 25

Ukhuni olunomswakama owandayo luyi-conductor elungileyo yokushisa, lugqithise ngakumbi kwi-dashinas, lubi kwi-gluing, ukupeyinta, i-varnishing kunye ne-polish; phezu komthi omanzi opeyintiweyo, ipeyinti kunye nevanishi ngokukhawuleza zichithakala. Umthi omanzi ubangela ukuba izikhonkwane nezikrufu zibe nomhlwa. Imilinganiselo yeemveliso zokwakha zokuchwela, ezenziwe ngamaplanga aluhlaza (iingcango, iifestile, imigangatho yokhuni, i-parquet, njl. njl.), ukunciphisa imilinganiselo yabo ngexesha lokumisa, ngenxa yoko kuvela ukuqhekeka, ukuqina koxhulumaniso phakathi kwezinto. ilahlekile. Ngoko ke, umgangatho wokhuni ekwakhiweni, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuchasana nokubola kunqunywe kuqala ngokufuma kwayo, kwaye ngoko hlobo kunye neemeko zokuxhaphazwa. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuxhaphazwa, iinkuni ezomileyo zinokusebenza kwizakhiwo iminyaka emininzi.

Ngexesha lokumisa, iinkuni zitshintsha i-ti yayo kwi-longitudinal direction nge-0,10%, kwi-radial direction nge-3 - 6%, kunye ne-tangential direction nge-6 - 12%. Oku kutshintsha iintsimbi. Ubunzima buqala xa umswakama ufikelela kwindawo yokuhluthwa kwemicu (23 - 31%). Izinto ze-anatomical ezenza umthi ziyancipha ngokungalingani ngexesha lokumisa, ngoko ke ubunzima bomthi buhluke kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukhuni olunobuninzi obuphezulu (i-oki) bubunzima ngaphezu kweenkuni ezinobunzima obuphantsi (i-linden). Kwimeko yeentlobo ze-coniferous, ubungakanani bobunzima buxhomekeke ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwemithi kade. Ngokunyuka kwepesenti yokhuni olusemva kwexesha, ukulinganisa kwanda kwipine. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinkuni ezisemva kwexesha leentlobo ze-conifer zinzima kakhulu xa zomiswa kunomthi wokuqala. Idatha malunga nobukhulu bobunzima bomthi weentlobo ze-coniferous zinikwe kwitheyibhile 1. 

UHLOBO LOMTHI Inxalenye yoMthi   WIGHT %   
Kwicala le-tangent Kwindlela ye-radial Ngokwevolumu
Yitya  Kwangoko  5.68  2.89  8.77
Kade  10.92  9.85  19.97
boron  Kwangoko  8.05  2.91  10.86
Kade  11.26  8.22  10.87
ILarch   Kwangoko  7.11  3.23  10.34
Kade  12.25  10.19  20.96

 

Ubungakanani bobunzima beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomthi bunikwe kwitheyibhile yesi-2.

Utshintsho olungalinganiyo kwimilinganiselo kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ngenxa yokomisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezingafanelekanga zokumisa, kubangela ukubonakala koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwimithi, ekhokelela kwimozulu, kunye nokubonakala kwangaphandle kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwangaphakathi. iintanda.

UHLOBO LOMTHI WIGHT %   
Kwindlela ye-radial Kwicala le-tangent Ngokwevolumu
boron 3.4 8.1 12.5
Ispruce 4.1 9.3 14.1
ILarch 5.3 10.4 15.1
UJasen 4.8 8.2 13.5
Oki 4.7 8.4 12.7
Umthi weBeech 4.8 10.8 15.3

Iibhodi ezisikwe ngeTangentially zihlanjululwe ngumoya ngakumbi kunezo zisikwe nge-radially cut, kwaye ngokusondeleyo kwi-periphery, i-windwash enkulu (Umfanekiso 3).

Ukuqhekeka kwangaphandle kubangelwa ukomiswa okungalinganiyo kweeleyile zangaphandle kunye nangaphakathi zokhuni. Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu phakathi komswakama wemigangatho yangaphandle kunye nengaphakathi yokhuni, uxinzelelo lwe-tensile luvela kumphezulu walo, olukhokelela ekubonakaleni kokuqhekeka kwangaphandle. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kokuqhekeka kwangaphandle, inkqubo yokumisa kufuneka iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulinganayo. Ngelo xesha, utshintsho kwimilinganiselo luya kwenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ngokulinganayo, ngoko imikhosi ebangela ukutshiza iya kuba yincinci, ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho ukuqhekeka kwangaphandle.

d2

Sl. 3 Imozulu yeebhodi

Kuyaziwa ukuba iinkuni zoma ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ngaphambili, ngoko ke umphambili weebhodi, imiqadi kunye namaplanga arawndi atshizwa kwangaphambili kunezinye iindawo zeebhodi kunye nemiqadi. Ukudumba kweenkuni yinkqubo engasemva yokomisa kunye nokulinganisa. Iqulethwe kwinto yokuba ukhuni olomileyo luyakwazi ukufunxa umswakama kunye nokwandisa imilinganiselo yalo. Ipropathi yomthi ukukhukhumala isetyenziselwa ukunyakamisa imiphanda eyomileyo, imibhobho yokhuni, iitanki, njl., Ngenxa yoko zidumba.

 

 

Amanqaku anxulumeneyo