Makhalidwe a gaiters

Njira zosunthira zipika zimatha kukhala mosalekeza kapena pang'onopang'ono. Ndi kusuntha kosalekeza, chipikacho chimayenda mosalekeza komanso mofanana panthawi yogwira ntchito komanso yopanda pake ya chipata cha chipata. Ndi kusuntha kwapakatikati, chipikacho chimangosuntha gawo limodzi la kuzungulira kulikonse kwa shaft - pafupipafupi. Kusuntha kwapakatikati kumatha kuchitika panthawi yogwira ntchito kapena osagwira ntchito pachipata.

Kusuntha kosalekeza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipata zapamtunda ziwiri zothamanga mofulumira ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zosinthika; kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono - mumayendedwe oyenda pang'onopang'ono okhala ndi zosinthika zochepa.

Kudula zipika pa ngalande, m'pofunika kuti macheka mu ngalande kukhala ndi otsetsereka. Kukula kwa malo otsetsereka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kachitidwe kopitilira: 

y: Δ / 2 + (1/2) mm; pakuyenda kwapang'onopang'ono panthawi yogwira ntchito y = 2 mpaka 5 mm; pakuyenda kwapakatikati pa idling y = Δ + (1/2) mm.

Pano, y ndi nagi wa macheka mu chimango, mm; Δ - kuyenda kwa chipika kapena mtengo panthawi imodzi yozungulira gater roller, mm.

Chithunzi 1: Inclinometer yoyezera kuchuluka kwa macheka

Kutalika (kupendekera) kwa macheka kumafufuzidwa ndi overhang gauge. The overhang gauge imakhala ndi zingwe ziwiri zachitsulo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi olowa pamwamba, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala ndi mzere wopingasa wokhala ndi mawu oti adutse zomangira zolimba ndi mtedza wagulugufe. Mulingo wa mzimu umakhazikika pa chingwe chimodzi chachitsulo. Lingaliro amawerengedwa mm kutalika kwa chimango sitiroko pa lonse, limene lili pansi pa chowonjezera (mkuyu. 1).

Pofuna kudula matabwa kapena matabwa a makulidwe ofunikira pakati pa macheka mu chimango, zoyikapo (zogawanitsa) zimalowetsedwa, m'lifupi mwake zomwe zimagwirizana ndendende ndi makulidwe a mtengowo kuti adulidwe.

Spanung ndi seti ya macheka mu chimango chokhala ndi mtunda wokhazikika pakati pawo, pamaziko omwe matabwa ocheka amiyeso yofunikira amapezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa kuyikapo kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi chilinganizo S = a + b + 2c mm. Kumene S ndi makulidwe a choyikapo; a - mwadzina bolodi makulidwe; b - owonjezera kuyanika; c - kukula kwa kufalikira kwa mano kumbali imodzi. 

Zoyika (mkuyu 2) zimapangidwa ndi matabwa owuma (okhala ndi chinyezi cha 15%) birch, chub, beech, phulusa.

Chithunzi 2: Zoyika (zogawa)

Chiwongolero chowumitsa chimawonjezedwa m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa matabwa a coniferous - paini, spruce, fir, mkungudza ndi larch, yomwe imapezeka panthawi yosakanikirana (ndi makonzedwe a tangential-radial a mphete zapachaka) a mitengo yonyowa kapena kudula mvula. matabwa ocheka kuti atsimikizire kupeza miyeso yofunikira ya zinthu pamalo owuma.

Mitengo yocheka ya ma conifers otchulidwa imagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kukula kwa kuyanika kowonjezera: choyamba chimaphatikizapo pine, spruce, mkungudza ndi fir, chachiwiri chimaphatikizapo larch.

Miyezo ya makulidwe ndi m'lifupi mwa matabwa ochekedwa okhala ndi chinyezi choyambirira chopitilira 30% ndi chinyezi chomaliza cha 15% zaperekedwa mu Gulu 1. 

Gulu 1: Miyeso yowumitsa matabwa a coniferous, mm

Podula zipika kapena matabwa okhala ndi chinyezi m'munsimu 30%, kukula kwa owonjezera kumawerengedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa kukula kwa owonjezera kwa anapempha chinyezi chomaliza ndi owonjezera kwa chinyezi alipo matabwa. Mitengo yocheka yamitundu yolimba, yomwe imaphatikizapo beech, hornbeam, birch, oak, elm, mapulo, phulusa, aspen, poplar, amagawidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyanika m'magulu awiri kuti apite ku tangential direction ndi m'magulu awiri kuti apite kumalo ozungulira.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo birch, thundu, mapulo, phulusa, alder, aspen ndi poplar, ndipo lachiwiri - beech, hornbeam, elm ndi linden.

Pamitengo yocheka hafu yozungulira (yokhala ndi mbali ya njere ya tangential-radial), zololeza zopangira matabwa okhala ndi njere zowoneka bwino ziyenera kuperekedwa. Miyezo ya makulidwe ndi m'lifupi mwa matabwa ochekedwa m'mbali mwa tangential ndi radial yokhala ndi chinyezi choyambirira cha 35% abs. ndi zambiri komanso chinyezi chomaliza cha 10 ndi 15% abs., ndipo kutengera gulu, zimatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi tebulo 2.

Tebulo 2: Miyezo yamitengo yochekedwa yamitundu yamitengo yolimba, mm