Ntoo yog tej zaum, ib sab ntawm pob zeb, thawj cov khoom uas tus txiv neej yog tsim ua cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv rau nws tus kheej. Thawj pab ntawm cov txiv neej thaum ub tsis yog tuaj yeem tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis qee lub club, ceg txheem ntseeg, ceg ntoo, lossis pos, cov kab uas ploj lawm nyob rau ntau pua xyoo dhau los.
Ntoo tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua lwm tus yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, nws tseem muaj primacy raws li feem ntau lug sivtawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov cuab yeej - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab tshwm sim yas loj - yog suppressed, vim hais tias lub multitude ntawm "ntoo" cov cuab yeej xws li cov cuab yeej tuav, lub cev planer, thiab lwm yam. lawv ua hnub no los ntawm cov yas. Niaj hnub no, ntoo yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv, pib los ntawm lub ru tsev qauv mus rau lub skeleton moqhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, los ntawm bulkheads mus rau cov duab ntoo.
Kev paub txog ntoo
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws zoo nkaus li yooj yim heev los nrhiav koj txoj kev ntawm cov ntoocov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog li ntawd: rau kev txiav txim siab, Kev faib tawm, siv thiab ua cov ntoo yog tsim nyog kev txawj ntse.
Thaum ua hauj lwm raws li nws tus kheej kev taw qhia, txiv neej ntsib ntoo zoo li sawn ntoo, i.e. semi-tiav khoom. Cov niam nolawv yog: laths, beams, planks, boards thiab slabs. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no lawv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntoo mos lossis tawv ntoo. Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no ob qho tib si hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab hauv lub sijhawmlub nra hnyav heev. Cov ntoo mos yog lees paub los ntawm nws cov fibers loj, thaj tsis muaj zog qauv thiab yooj yim compressibility. Yuav luag feem ntau cov ntoo mos siv yog fer. Fir ntoo yog ib qho yooj yim thiab zoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li. Hauv tsev thiab ib ncig ntawm lub tsev, nws yog siv los ua: qhov rooj, qhov rais, ncej, thiab lwm yam. Cov txwj laus tau hais tias peb ntoo ua raws li tag nrho nws lub neej, pib ntawm lub txaj rau hleb.
Hardwood yog fuller, ntau loj thiab hnyav dua. Ib kub ib decimeter ntawm roughwood muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 830 g, thiab tib lub ntim ntawm cov ntoo tsuas yog 450 gr. Hardwood fibers yog tuab faib thiab qhia cov kab zoo. Ntoo tawv yog qhov nyuaj dua rau kev sib cais thiab muaj tsawg dua splinters. Ib qho piv txwv zoo rau kev nthuav qhia qhov zoo hardwood yog ib tug broom kov, kov ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej thiab parquet. Tsob ntoo nrog rab koob zoo li nplooj, evergreen, yog mos, thiab los ntawm deciduous, birch, poplar, willow thiab linden yog suav tias yog mos.
Tsuas yog cov ntoo qhuav uas muaj tsawg dua 13% yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm. ya raws. Ntoo muaj noo noo tsis tsuas yog thaum tam sim ntawd tom qab falling yog processed (nws yog feem ntau jokingly hais tias "ntawm tsob ntoo no nyuam qhuav hu los ntawm ib tug blackbird"), tab sis kuj thaum nws tseem tab tom kawmtus menyuam dev muaj lub sijhawm los nqus dej noo. Nws paub tias ntoo yog hygroscopic, tab sis sai sai absorbed dej yog maj mam tso tawm ntawm nws evaporates. Cov ntoo mos yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos tom qab txiav xyoo, thiab tawv plaub, thiaj li qhuav txaus rau kev ua. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no yog rooj plaub thaum ziab yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv dawb tej yam kev mob, i.e. ib txwm. Tam sim no muaj cov tshuab computer niaj hnub thiab condensing tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas tswj cov txheej txheem ziab ntoo thiab lub sijhawm rau cov ntoo qhuav zoo tau txo ntau zaus.
Thaum dej evaporates ntawm ntoo ntub - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ziab thiab moistening ob peb zaug nyob rau hauv succession, ntoo yog ho deformednas, nws "ua haujlwm". Qhov no nkag siab yog tias koj xav txog qhov ntawd cov dej noo absorbed los ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem muaj li 130% ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav tsob ntoo. Deformation feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov chawntev hla ntawm tsob ntoo, los ntawm qhov chaw uas ntoo raug txiav. Yog tias kev nkag siab ntawm qhov deformation yuav tsis, vim qee lub tswv yim, nyob twj ywmo ua tsis tiav, cia peb xub paub peb tus kheej nrog cov npe ntawm qhov chaw uas tsim cov qauv ntawm tsob ntoo, siv daim duab 1.
DUAB 1
Daim duab 2 qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas cov ntoo thiab kab teeb deformed txiav los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntxwv ntawm ntoo yog: qhov ntim ntawm cov ntoo ntub dej poob vim qhuav. Ua haujlwm uas yog qhov koj xav tau thaum ua cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom ntoo " haum" zoo thiab txiav lawv mus rau ib tug me ntsis loj loj es tsis txhob tsawg. (Ib qho piv txwv: nyob rau hauv ib lub trough ntoo uas tus tswv tsev nchuav dej kom tsob ntoo o thiab lub qhov swells tso tseg dej. Lub rooj tsavxwm absorbs dej thiab swells heev tias cov kab nrib pleb "kaw" thiab lub trough tsis xau).
DUAB 2
Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ntoo yog hais tias nws yog ntau resistant rau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov fibers, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau ntsia hlau, thaum nws yog perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia fibers tawg yooj yim. Kev tiv thaiv nws txawv heev nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj los ntawm qhov ceev thiab uniformity ntawm fiber ntau faib. Thicker fibers muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm looseness thiab unevennessqhov tsis kam ntawm qhov sib npaug spaced fibers txo.
Sawn ntoo yog txiav lengthwise nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm grain, tshwj tsis yog thaum lub log yog warped, lub grenade. Qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ceg lawv raug cim los ntawm pob caus, thiab twists thiab lem ntawm fibers.
Yog hais tias cov ntoo txiav yog dav dua li lub thickness, mus txog lub thickness ntawm 40 hli yog hu ua lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab saum toj no thickness pawg. Yog hais tias cov ntoo muaj square cross-section, tsis tu ncua polygonal lossis rectangular ces mus txog 10x10 qhov ntev hu ua batten, thiab saum toj no qhov ntev yog kab teeb. Yog hla ntu muaj ib daim ntawv complex, xws li, piv txwv li, npaj cov khoom-thav duab rau cov duab, ces nws yog hu ua profiled batten.
Cov ntoo uas tsis tau saws ntawm ob sab muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho unprocessed sab thiab xws li tsis tuaj yeem grazed hyam nyob ib sab. Nws yog npaj, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab scraping du, thiab muaj qhov chaw du, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb.
Hauv kev xyaum, veneers, plywood thiab qhov tseeb: vaj huam sib luag boards thiab veneered boards. feem ntau sp-boards tsis raug hu ua veneer! Feem ntau cov veneer yog ua los ntawm tev ntawm cov ntoo loj, uas tig, txog tib yam li thaum lub canvas dov yog unrolled. Sawed veneer yog tau los ntawm kev txiav board tom qab board raws tsob ntoo, thiab veneer peeled nrog ib rab riam, los ntawm kev txiav daim hlau nrog ib tug riam transversely rau qhov ntev ntawm tsob ntoo. Lub thickness ntawm daim hlau txawv ntawm 0,6-1,2 hli. Veneer tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, tsis muaj pob tw, nrog kev ntxhib los mos zoo yog veneer rau npog "lub ntsej muag", thiab tsis zoo nkauj, tejzaum nws puas thiab nruam, glued, yog veneer rau sab nraub qaum. Sab nraud, pom los ntawmsab saum toj ntawm feem ntau cov rooj tog yog them nrog veneer, thaum lwm hom veneer siv, piv txwv li, rau sab nraub qaum rooj tog.
Spruce boards yog tsim los ntawm gluing ob peb qhuav fursnir daim hlau nyob saum ib leeg. Yog kev sib nrig sib qhiahenna ib txwm lossis kab pheeb ces kaum, lub zog thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ob peb sij hawm dhau lub zog thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm tib lub thickness. Thickness phaj raws li tus naj npawb ntawm txheej yog: 3-5 hli rau peb-txheej, 6-8 hli rau tsib-txheej thiab 9-12 hli rau rau-txheej.
Veneer thiab plywood tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv thiab yog li ntawd lawv hnyav dua li cov laug cam uas zoo sib xws. Lawv qhov hnyav nce thiab vim cov kua nplaum.
Panel-boards yog tsim los ntawm slats ntawm cov ntoo mos glued ntawm ob veneer los yog plywood boards, uas nce thickness, ib qho nyuaj thiab zoo nkauj nto yog tau, thiab hnyav thiab lub zog lawv yog me ntsis loj dua cov ntoo boards ntawm tib lub thickness. U nyob rau hauv kev lag luam rooj tog, vaj huam sib luag boards tau pom dav daim ntawv thov.
Clad boards yog ntoo boards (plywood, panels, chipboards, hard fiber boards thiab lwm yam) npog nrog yas boards pawg. Lawv muaj ib los yog ob sab du, ci thiab xaiv tau pleev xim rau (imitation ntawm ntoo board, thiab lwm yam). Lawv tsis yog pheej yig, txawm li cas los xij yog vim lawv lub zog, tsos thiab yooj yim deg tu dav thov.
Hard fiber boards (fiber boards) yog tsim los ntawm crushed hemp fibers los yog softwood shavings tov nrog cov khoom siv dag zog, uas tom qab thermal kev ua yog nias nyob rau hauv siab siab rau hauv daim hlau. Tshwj xeeb lawv qhov hnyav yog siab thiab nrog cov laug cam nyuaj nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag kuv 150% ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb nqus dej. Cov phiaj no feem ntau hu ua daim hlau.
Thiab thaum kawg, pawg phiaj no kuj suav nrog cov phaj hollow ua los ntawm ib tug lattice kev tsim kho ntawm softwood slats, npog nrog daim hlau. Vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem txiav, los ntawm cov phiaj no tsuas yog qee cov ntsiab lus raug tsim, xws li, piv txwv li, qhov rooj.
