Glass works
Knowledge of glass works is especially necessary if there are children in the family. If the apartment is insured, they are recognized damage from breaking glass, it's just hard to wait - especially when it's cold - to complete formalities and carry out repairs. Glass probably doesn't need to be described, because almost everyone already has it was "lucky" to break a window. The name of the window glass is flat glass and is made in thicknesses of 1,3; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 5 and 7 mm. They make dark, opaque and patterned glasses made of flat glass by sandblasting, or etching, in the like same dimensions as flat glass.
Cast glasses are thicker: 5, 6, 7 and 9 mm; the one with the patterns have a thickness of 4,5 mm, marked 5 mm (cathedral glass), and reinforced 6 mm.
The triangular glass nail is a very important auxiliary materialjal for glass works. Its thickness ranges from 0,3 to 1,5 mm, and the height from 6 to 18 mm, proportional to the thickness and dimensions of the glass panel.
Everyone probably knows glass putty. Consists of 12% linseed oil, 88% chalk and 1% Ianoline.
Two types of knives are used to cut glass. Knife with diamond (short: diamond), the most important part of which is itself diamond, and steel frame cutter. Only natural and raw blades can cut glass well. They don't have worn blades good effect, because they give interrupted, non-continuous surfaces cuts and lines. (Fig. X-7).
For proper holding of the glass cutting diamond index finger and the middle finger of the right hand should be placed on the rounded part handles, because this is the only way to apply the necessary pressure. The small mark on the handle should always be turnedand towards the person using the cutter (fig. X-8).
A glass cutting diamond should always be clean and only clean the expert may unfold. After finishing cutting, you need it put in a leather case. Care must be taken to the same cutter may only cut and always in the same position.
A cutter with a steel frame is primarily used for cutting thicker cast glass, because there would be surface irregularities this glass significantly damaged the diamond. The cutter consists of cutting wheel, diameter 5 mm, made of hard metal (see=Wie Diamant) which has a 2 mm hole in the middle. The cutting blade is thinned to the appropriate shape, i.e grinded. When cutting in a position normal to the plane glass, the wheel turns so that less unevenness of the glass so to say skips, does not stop, but leaves a continuous line cutting. This tool should press harder than a diamond. A cutting wheel gives a wider cutting line than a diamond.
There is a hole in the middle part of the circuit and it is used to the circle is attached to the handle with a screw. Numerical designation serves so that the wheels can be easily replaced with a spare wheelof which there are 6 in the tool. Under the tension screw should place a felt mat. The task of this coaster; which soaked in petroleum, it protects the wheels from heating by constant lubrication during cutting.
Glass cutter knives
The groove cleaning knife is the most commonly used glass cutting tool. The width of his blade is about twice larger than the handle, which is cylindrically shaped for better gripforged. The blade is rounded or cut, and its tip is sharpened, which makes it possible to extract the blade from the grooves. Hard beauties they are removed by hitting the knife at the end of the handle with a hammer (fig. X-9).
The breaking tool is made of steamed beech with flat surfaces without knots and without cracks and represents necessary tool for cutting reinforced glass (fig. X-10.)
In addition to these tools, you also need: hammer, pliers, gloves and knife (fig. X-11)

Cutting
The glass panel should be placed on a flat table that covers itwith some soft material. We have to catch her eventually which is closer to us, pull towards us and grasp the middlecan be placed on the table or removed from the table. When the board we process, it should lie on the entire surface, and when it is stored, it should be supported in a vertical position on the edge
Accurate measurement should be done before cutting. We have to take it taking into account the distance between the tip of the diamond and the ruler about 4 mm. It is better to measure twice, than to cut a piece of netachdimensions. It is also necessary to control the squareness page. The place where we will do the cutting needs to be done beforehand wipe and grease - especially when cutting thicker glass - with kerosene to dissolve and remove impurities and to cut be smooth and even When cutting, the cutter should only gently press on the glass and move evenly without stopping. The angle between the diamond blade and the glass, when cutting, should be 5-6° for the entire cutting time. It is not allowed cut repeatedly on the same line because the diamond will be ruined. The cutter should be held so that the little finger rests on the glass, because in this way the appropriate cutting angle can be ensured as well as uniform displacement. If the diamond cuts well, then a soft sound is heard, the diamond "sings". If it just scratches, does not cut, then the sound is unpleasant.
Breaking
After cutting the glass, the board remains in one piece and it should be broken. We have to break it immediately, because if the line breaks cools, the glass becomes lacy and hard to break.
The board that we cut in the longitudinal direction should be pulled out the edge of the table to the cutting line and with light but quick pressure break down. It is a good method when below the cutting line place a ruler or some other pad and with a sharp prltl break the glass. When we cut very narrow strips, 2-3 cm, breakwe can perform the cutting with the breaker located on the cutter. Let's put it on the tape and do the folding. Those left behindAfter bending, we can remove the bumps, as well as the unevenness also by folding. The width of the strip we cut is 4-5 cm then the refraction can be done by the handle of the cutter press it under the piece that falls off with gentle pressure let's break the tape. Breaking thicker and cast glass canyou can help by knocking with the handle of the cutter tap on the glass from the bottom along the cutting line and we perform the bending with a ruler. After cutting i the remaining sharp edge breaks should be removed from both sides with a wet carborundum grinding stone.
Profile cutting
In addition to straight cutting, it is often necessary in the homethe art of cutting glass in the shape of a profile. In some picture frames, windows or for some experiments are often required circular or other curvilinear shapes. With handy with the tool for circular cutting we can cut regular circles shapes of any dimension. This is done using templates.
Circular cutting
The glass plate should first be cleaned with a soft cloth of dust and along the cutting line smear with kerosene, or terpenesoil. Then the foot of the circular cutting tool (rubber vantuz) to be placed in the center of the circle to be cut (fig. 1).

PICTURE 1
The roller - the diamond holder should be adjusted to the required diameterand fix with a screw. The cutting procedure is as follows: once the tool for circular cutting should be slightly pressed with one hand, and with the other the end of the lever – the diamond holder and then moving around the circle cut with gentle pressure.
When we finish cutting the glass plate, place it on the table and press the part that falls off with one hand and with the other circular part. If after this operation the circular part is not separated then comes auxiliary cutting, i.e. the part in between should be cut glass edge and circular cutting lines. After auxiliary cutting you need to grab the plate with both hands and strain it a little, until a circular profile "falls out".
We can make a circular cutting tool ourselves. Should cut two pieces of square-shaped hardwoodsize 1,5 x 1,5 x 6cm. Adjacent sides of these pieces should conical processing. On the flat end of one piece you need attach a rubber suction cup (leech) with a wood screw, and on the conical end of the wood screw, the head of which is needed later cut off. The second piece should be drilled transversely near the flatend, and drill one threaded hole perpendicular to this opening. One hole should also be drilled in the other conical end, where the screw whose head we cut off will fit. It touches the surfaces of the two pieces should be sanded so that they are smooth and smoothlubricate to make the tool easier to turn.
In the upper piece of wood, in the horizontal opening, you need poput the lever – the diamond holder and after setting it on fix the required dimensions of the lever through the threaded hole by means of a screw, with a butterfly head.
For curvilinear cutting, you should use a template-diamond nothe hammer (turner) is slightly narrower to better adapt with krlvina. Cutting can be done in two ways.
Pattern cutting is done using the original pattern or a template is made from cardboard or a wooden board. Withthe blon is placed on the glass and cut with a diamond along the edge template.
Cutting can also be done by cutting the sample, or shape, draw on a sheet of paper that is placed under the glass and cut with a line drawings. It is a much more difficult task to remove the debris afterwards curvilinear cutting. The cutter should be tapped along the line cutting under that part of the glass that should remain and the glass will shoot. When it bursts, break it with gentle pressure.
Curved lines of large radii should be cut in sections. The larger waste pieces should be cut first, and then the rest work in small pieces, using a folding machine. Optionally and here we can apply auxiliary cuts. After cutting the edges of the glass plate should be sanded.
Window glazing
An intermediate glazing operation is glass cutting. A pauserepairing broken windows, we start by removing the restsuch glasses. We remove the old, dried putty from the grooves with a knife putty or some old broken knife. It also needs to be removedthreads and triangular nails for fixing the glass, making sure that the it does not damage the wood of the frame. The rest of the glass should be disposed of immediately pick up and put away. When we take out the nails and putty, we can use the knife pull several times along the grooves to fix any unevenness of the frame.
Then measure the length and width in 2-3 places frame. This is necessary because the frame is often wider up than down. The glass should be smaller than this measure 2-3 mm. When cutting the glass, it should be placed on the table newspaper or some soft cloth. On such a basis place the glass in the marked places with the help of a ruler cut with a diamond. The cut glass should be pulled to the edge table, tap it with a cutter from the bottom side and thus break it.

PICTURE 2
In the frame, under the glass, you should first place the thin ones whale noodles. Then insert the cut glass and fix it triangular nails. Nails (fig. 2) are hammered inwith sharp edges. Finally, new whale noodles are pressed on the ends of the glass and align with a putty knife. Armored cathedral glasses can only be cut with a wheel cutter. After cutting, pull the glass at the end of the table and apply stronger pressurewhich breaks, and the wires are cut with scissors or a chisel. Cutting any kind of glass is easier if we smear it - as we already are they mentioned - kerosene or turpentine.